What is gold?

• The word "gold" comes from the Old English word "geolu," meaning yellow.
• Two thirds of the world's gold comes from South Africa.
• Gold is the state mineral of California and Alaska.
• Evidence suggests that around 5,000 B.C., gold and copper became the first metals to be discovered by man.
• The chemical symbol for gold is Au, which is derived from the Latin word "aurum," which means "shining dawn."
• Around 161,000 tons of gold have been mined by humans.
• Gold can be found beneath the earth on all seven continents.
• It is believed that around 80% of earth's gold is still buried underground.
• There is an estimated total of 10 billion tons of gold in the world's oceans. That is 25 tons of gold for every cubic mile of seawater.
• There are 92 naturally occurring elements found in the earth's crust. Gold ranks 58th in rarity.
• Scientists believe that gold can be found on Mars, Mercury, and Venus.
• King Croesus of Lydia created the first pure gold coins in 540 B.C.
• When Franklin Roosevelt raised the price of gold from $20.67 to $35 in 1934, the dollar immediately lost 40% of its value.
• Henry VIII, Diocletian and Nero were infamous gold debasers, mixing other metals into gold coins and decreasing their value
• Alchemists believe they can change ordinary materials, such as lead, into gold.
• A carat was originally a unit of mass based on the carob seed used by ancient merchants.
• A noble metal, gold is prone neither to rust nor tarnish and does not form an oxide film on its surface when coming into contact with air
• Absolutely pure gold is so soft that it can be molded with the hands.
• The melting point of gold is 2,063 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Pure gold does not cause skin irritations. 
• Gold is a great conductor of electricity.
• Gold is the most malleable and ductile pure metal known to man.
• An ounce of gold can be beaten into a sheet covering 100 square feet.
• An ounce of gold can be drawn into a wire 60 miles long.
• South Asian jewelry is generally more pure than western jewelry, comprised of 22 carat gold rather than 14 carat.
• The most expensive gold coin in the world is the 1933 Double Eagle, which was sold at Sotheby's in New York in 2002 for $7.59 million.
• Most western economies' currencies were on the gold standard until 1961.
• Switzerland was the last country whose currency was tied to gold. 40% of a Swiss Franc was backed by gold until Switzerland joined the IMF in 1999.
• In 1869, two Australians unearthed the world's largest nugget of gold, the "Welcome Stranger," which measured 10 by 25 inches before it was melted down.
• The largest nugget still in existence is the "Hand of Faith," found in 1980 in Australia. It is currently on display at the Golden Nugget Casino in Las Vegas.
• The heaviest modern gold bullion coin is Austria's Philharmonic. In 2004, the coin, which has a weight of 1,000 ounces (31.1 kilograms or 69 troy pounds or 828 troy ounces) and a diameter of 15 inches, was dubbed the world’s largest gold coin by Guinness World Records.
• In 2007, Canada made a 100 kilogram (3,217 troy ounce), 0.99999 gold coin with a face value of $1,000,000.
• Some sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis receive injections of liquid gold to relieve pain.
• Olympic gold medals were pure gold until 1912.
• India is the world's largest consumer of gold today.
• The visors of astronauts' helmets are coated in a very thin, transparent layer of gold (.000002 inches) that reduces glare and heat from sunlight.

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